旋转供料器作为工业领域物料输送的核心设备，其结构设计服务于物料稳定传输与精准控制的需求。设备由多个功能组件构成，各部分协同作业，实现连续供料的功能。

　　As the core equipment for material conveying in the industrial field, the rotary feeder's structural design serves the needs of stable material transportation and precise control. The device is composed of multiple functional components, which work together to achieve continuous feeding.

　　1. 外壳：承载与防护的基础框架

　　1. Shell: the basic framework for carrying and protecting

　　旋转供料器的外壳通常采用碳钢或不锈钢材质，具备较高的强度与抗腐蚀性能。外壳呈圆柱形或方形结构，顶部设有进料口，用于连接上游物料输送管道，使物料依靠重力自然落入设备内部；底部的出料口则与下游管道相连，确保物料顺利排出。外壳预留检修口与观察窗，便于工作人员检查内部积料情况、维护设备部件；同时，外壳的密封设计能够防止物料泄漏，维持工作环境清洁。

　　The shell of the rotary feeder is usually made of carbon steel or stainless steel, which has high strength and corrosion resistance. The shell has a cylindrical or square structure, with a feeding port at the top for connecting upstream material conveying pipelines, allowing materials to naturally fall into the equipment by gravity; The bottom discharge port is connected to the downstream pipeline to ensure smooth discharge of materials. Reserved inspection ports and observation windows on the shell for staff to check the internal material accumulation and maintain equipment components; Meanwhile, the sealing design of the casing can prevent material leakage and maintain a clean working environment.

　　2. 转子：实现物料输送的核心部件

　　2. Rotor: the core component for material conveying

　　转子是旋转供料器的核心执行单元，由转轴与多个叶片组成。叶片均匀分布于转轴圆周，形成独立的物料容腔。当电机驱动转轴旋转时，叶片同步转动，将进入容腔的物料从进料口推送至出料口。根据物料特性与输送需求，转子可采用不同设计：直叶型结构简单，适用于流动性良好的物料；前倾叶型叶片对物料的推送力更强，适合处理粘性或流动性差的物料；后倾叶型则能减少物料在输送过程中的挤压破损。此外，转子与外壳内壁之间需保持 0.1 - 0.5 毫米的精密间隙，以平衡物料流畅通过与防止泄漏的双重要求。

　　The rotor is the core execution unit of the rotary feeder, consisting of a shaft and multiple blades. The blades are evenly distributed around the circumference of the shaft, forming independent material chambers. When the motor drives the shaft to rotate, the blades rotate synchronously, pushing the material entering the chamber from the inlet to the outlet. According to the material characteristics and conveying requirements, the rotor can adopt different designs: the straight blade structure is simple and suitable for materials with good fluidity; The forward leaning blade type has a stronger pushing force on materials, making it suitable for handling materials with poor viscosity or fluidity; The backward tilting blade type can reduce the compression damage of materials during transportation. In addition, a precise gap of 0.1-0.5 millimeters should be maintained between the rotor and the inner wall of the casing to balance the dual requirements of smooth material flow and leakage prevention.

　　3. 密封装置：防止物料泄漏的关键结构

　　3. Sealing device: a key structure to prevent material leakage

　　为避免物料在输送中泄漏，旋转供料器配备轴向与径向双重密封系统。轴向密封位于转轴贯穿外壳的部位，常见类型包括填料密封与机械密封。填料密封通过在密封腔内填充橡胶、石墨盘根等弹性材料，利用压盖压力紧贴转轴形成密封；机械密封则依靠动环与静环的精密贴合及辅助密封圈，实现高效持久的密封效果。径向密封主要通过叶片顶端的密封片或弹性密封条，确保转子叶片与外壳内壁紧密接触，阻止物料从间隙溢出，从而降低物料损耗并减少粉尘污染。

　　To prevent material leakage during transportation, the rotary feeder is equipped with a dual axial and radial sealing system. Axial seals are located at the part where the shaft penetrates the housing, and common types include packing seals and mechanical seals. Packing seal is formed by filling the sealing chamber with elastic materials such as rubber and graphite packing, and tightly adhering to the shaft under the pressure of the gland to form a seal; Mechanical seals rely on the precise fit between the moving and stationary rings, as well as auxiliary sealing rings, to achieve efficient and long-lasting sealing effects. Radial sealing is mainly achieved through sealing plates or elastic sealing strips at the top of the blades, ensuring that the rotor blades are in close contact with the inner wall of the casing, preventing material from overflowing from the gap, thereby reducing material loss and minimizing dust pollution.

　　4. 驱动系统：提供运转动力的组件组合

　　4. Drive system: a combination of components that provide operational power

　　驱动系统由电机、减速器与传动装置构成，为供料器提供稳定动力。电机作为动力源，可根据工况选择普通异步电机或变频电机，后者支持转速调节，便于灵活控制供料量。减速器用于降低电机输出转速并提升扭矩，常见类型有齿轮减速器、蜗轮蜗杆减速器，以适配转子的运行需求。传动装置负责将动力传递至转子，皮带传动具备缓冲过载的特性，而联轴器传动则能实现更精准、稳定的动力传输，适用于对转速控制要求较高的场景。

　　The drive system consists of a motor, a reducer, and a transmission device, providing stable power for the feeder. As a power source, the motor can be selected from ordinary asynchronous motors or variable frequency motors according to the working conditions. The latter supports speed adjustment, making it easy to flexibly control the feeding amount. Gearboxes are used to reduce the output speed of motors and increase torque. Common types include gear reducers and worm gear reducers to adapt to the operating requirements of rotors. The transmission device is responsible for transmitting power to the rotor, belt transmission has the characteristic of buffering overload, while coupling transmission can achieve more accurate and stable power transmission, suitable for scenarios with high requirements for speed control.

　　5. 轴承与润滑系统：保障稳定运行的辅助组件

　　5. Bearing and lubrication system: auxiliary components to ensure stable operation

　　轴承作为支撑转子旋转的关键部件，分为滚动轴承与滑动轴承两类。滚动轴承摩擦阻力小、启动性能好，适合高速运转工况；滑动轴承承载能力强、耐冲击，常用于重载环境。为减少轴承磨损，设备配备润滑系统，通过定期注入润滑油或润滑脂，在轴承表面形成减摩油膜，并带走运转产生的热量。部分供料器搭载自动润滑装置，可根据运行时间或轴承温度智能调节润滑频率，确保设备长期稳定运行。

　　As a key component supporting rotor rotation, bearings are divided into two categories: rolling bearings and sliding bearings. Rolling bearings have low friction resistance and good starting performance, suitable for high-speed operating conditions; Sliding bearings have strong load-bearing capacity and impact resistance, and are commonly used in heavy-duty environments. To reduce bearing wear, the equipment is equipped with a lubrication system that forms a friction reducing oil film on the bearing surface by regularly injecting lubricating oil or grease, and takes away the heat generated during operation. Some feeders are equipped with automatic lubrication devices that can intelligently adjust the lubrication frequency based on operating time or bearing temperature, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

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